What Are Galvo Scanners?
Galvo scanners, short for galvanometer scanners, are electromechanical devices that use mirrors mounted on high-speed motors to precisely direct a laser beam. These systems are critical in applications like laser marking, engraving, welding, and cutting, where speed and accuracy are essential.
The heart of a galvo scanner system is the mirror pair that deflects the laser beam along the X and Y axes. For more complex surfaces, 3D control adds a Z-axis movement. Let’s explore the differences between 2D laser galvo and 3D laser galvo systems and how they benefit industrial laser applications.
2D Laser Galvo: Efficient and Precise for Flat Surfaces
The 2D laser galvo system is the most common configuration in laser marking and engraving machines. It controls laser movement in the X and Y axes, making it ideal for:
Flat or slightly curved surfaces
Serial number and QR code marking
Batch production engraving
Barcode and text etching
Advantages of 2D Laser Galvo:
High-speed marking (up to 10,000 mm/s)
Compact structure, minimal moving parts
Excellent repeatability and low maintenance
Compatible with fiber, CO2, and UV laser sources
If your workflow involves flat metal plates, tags, electronics, or nameplates, a 2D laser galvo system provides reliable, ultra-fast performance.
3D Laser Galvo: Precision on Complex Surfaces
Unlike 2D systems, the 3D laser galvo introduces dynamic focusing or an additional Z-axis motor to allow laser beam shaping on 3D objects. This makes it suitable for:
Cylindrical or curved workpieces
Mold surfaces or inclined planes
Engraving inside cavities or uneven materials
Multi-level depth marking
Benefits of 3D Laser Galvo Scanners:
Adjusts focal distance dynamically
Delivers consistent marking depth on uneven surfaces
Supports large-format marking areas
Ideal for molds, tools, medical devices, and decorative work
Whether you’re marking automotive components or textured surfaces, the 3D laser galvo system brings unmatched flexibility and clarity.
Applications of Galvo Scanners
Galvo scanners—in both 2D and 3D forms—are widely used across industries such as:
Electronics & PCB: Fast QR code and logo marking
Medical Devices: Precision surface engraving
Jewelry & Watches: Decorative engraving on metal
Aerospace & Automotive: Deep marking on tools and parts
Packaging: Coding on labels and bottles
The versatility and speed of galvo scanners make them the gold standard in industrial laser marking systems.
Choosing Between 2D and 3D Laser Galvo
| Feature | 2D Laser Galvo | 3D Laser Galvo |
|---|---|---|
| Surface Type | Flat | Curved / Uneven |
| Focus | Fixed | Dynamic |
| Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Applications | General Marking | Complex 3D Surfaces |
| Precision | High | Ultra-High |
Conclusion
Whether you need a 2D laser galvo system for high-speed flat marking or a 3D laser galvo setup for advanced surface work, galvo scanners offer the precision, speed, and reliability your operation demands.
Need help selecting the right galvo scanner for your application? Contact our experts for customized solutions and demo support.
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